''Sadwavirus'' is a genus of

viruses A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1 ...

in the order ''

Picornavirales ''Picornavirales'' is an order of viruses with vertebrate, invertebrate, protist and plant hosts. The name has a dual etymology. First, ''picorna-'' is an acronym for poliovirus, insensitivity to ether, coxsackievirus, orphan virus, rhinovirus, ...

'', in the family ''

Secoviridae ''Secoviridae'' is a family of viruses in the order ''Picornavirales''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 8 genera and 86 species in this family, one of which is unassigned to a genus. The family was created in 2009 with the grouping of f ...

''. Plants (specifically

Satsuma Satsuma may refer to: * Satsuma (fruit), a citrus fruit * ''Satsuma'' (gastropod), a genus of land snails Places Japan * Satsuma, Kagoshima, a Japanese town * Satsuma District, Kagoshima, a district in Kagoshima Prefecture * Satsuma Domain, a sout ...

mandarin trees) serve as natural hosts. There are three subgenera and five species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: satsuma dwarf virus disease which causes spoon-shaped leaves on citrus tree. Symptoms are

enations Enations are scaly leaflike structures, differing from leaves in their lack of vascular tissue. They are created by some leaf diseases and occur normally on ''Psilotum''. Enations are also found on some early plants such as ''Rhynia'', where the ...

, multiple flushing, stunting or dwarfing, reduction in number and size of leaves and fruits. The name of this genus comes from one of its species: Satsuma dwarf virus.

Taxonomy

The following subgenera and species are recognized: * '' Cholivirus'' ** ''

Chocolate lily virus A Chocolate is a food made from roasted and ground cacao seed kernels that is available as a liquid, solid, or paste, either on its own or as a flavoring agent in other foods. Cacao has been consumed in some form since at least the Olmec civil ...

'' ** '' Dioscorea mosaic associated virus'' * '' Satsumavirus'' ** ''

Satsuma dwarf virus ''Sadwavirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Picornavirales'', in the family ''Secoviridae''. Plants (specifically Satsuma (fruit), Satsuma mandarin trees) serve as natural hosts. There are three subgenera and five species in this genus. ...

'' * '' Stramovirus'' ** ''

Black raspberry necrosis virus Black raspberry necrosis virus (BRNV) is a plant pathogen virus of the genus ''Sadwavirus'' found in black raspberries (rubus occidentalis). The virus causes leaf chlorosis, mottling Mottle is a pattern of irregular marks, spots, streaks, blot ...

'' ** ''

Strawberry mottle virus Strawberry mottle virus (SMV) is a pathogenic plant virus in ''Secoviridae'', a family of plant-infecting picornaviruses. It is not yet assigned to a genus. Virions are isometric, approximately 28 nm in diameter, and contain two RNA strands ...

Structure

Viruses in ''Sadwavirus'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=pseudo3 symmetry. The diameter is around 25-30 nm. The

genome In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding ge ...

is segmented into two parts of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded

RNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydra ...

, 11000-12000 nucleotides in length,Index of Viruses - Sadwavirus (2006). In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Ictv/fs_index.htm where one segment is about 7kb and the second segment is 4.6 to 5.4kb.

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (but not SMOV). Transmission routes are vector, seed borne, and grafting.

References

External links

Viralzone: Sadwavirus

ICTV
* UniProt Taxonom

{{Taxonbar, from=Q7398138 Secoviridae Virus genera